Clinical evaluation of biological rhythm domains in patients with major depression

Objective: Sleep, physical activity, and social domains of biological rhythm disruptions may have specific effects on the symptom cluster and severity of depression. However, there is a lack of structured clinical evaluation to specify the domains of biological rhythms in patients with depression. Methods: Ninety drug-naïve subjects with depression and 91 matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. The severity of depression was examined with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), while biological rhythm was evaluated using the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). Results: Patients with depression showed significantly greater biological rhythm disturbances than healthy controls in all domains of BRIAN (sleep, activity, social, and eating). BRIAN-Total correlated positively with HRSD-Total and HRSD-Total without sleep cluster. The sleep and activity domains correlated significantly with HRSD-Total score. Additionally, the sleep, activity, and social domains correlated significantly with HRSD-Total without the sleep cluster score. Regression analysis revealed the activity (β = 0.476, t = 5.07, p<0.001) and sleep (β = 0.209, t = 2.056, p = 0.043) domains may predict HRSD-Total score. Conclusion: Consideration of biological rhythm domains in clinical examination and focusing on the sleep and activity domains may hold promise for the management of depression.

VisConnectome: an independent and graph-theory based software for visualizing the human brain connectome / 生物医学工程学杂志

As a complex system, the topology of human's brain network has an important effect on further study of brain's structural and functional mechanism. Graph theory, a kind of sophisticated analytic strategies, is widely used for analyzing complex brain networks effectively and comparing difference of topological structure alteration in normal development and pathological condition. For the purpose of using this analysis methodology efficiently, it is necessary to develop graph-based visualization software. Thus, we developed VisConnectome, which displays analysis results of the brain network friendly and intuitively. It provides an original graphical user interface (GUI) including the tool window, tool bar and innovative double slider filter, brain region bar, runs in any Windows operating system and doesn't rely on any platform such as Matlab. When importing the user-defined script file that initializes the brain network, VisConnectome abstracts the brain network to the ball-and-stick model and render it. VisConnectome allows a series of visual operations, such as identifying nodes and connection, modifying properties of nodes and connection such as color and size with the color palette and size double slider, imaging the brain regions, filtering the brain network according to its size property in a specific domain as simplification and blending with the brain surface as a context of the brain network. Through experiment and analysis, we conclude that VisConnectome is an effective visualization software with high speed and quality, which helps researchers to visualize and compare the structural and functional brain networks flexibly.

Construction of a biological rhythm assessment scale for children / Construção de uma escala de avaliação do ritmo biológico para crianças

Abstract Introduction Biological rhythm is associated with the level of alertness, cognitive performance and mood of the individuals. Its regularity is essential to preserve good health and quality of life. Objective To present the steps for the construction of the scale entitled Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry - Kids (BRIAN-K), designed to measure biological rhythm disruptions in Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods Items were developed following the adult version of the scale. Analysis of the psychometric characteristics of the scale was based on the responses of 373 parents/caregivers of school age children (7 and 8 years old). Results A theoretical model of 17 items with the purpose of evaluating four domains (sleep, activities, social rhythm and eating pattern) was determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and via identification of a general factor. The psychometric properties of the BRIAN-K showed favorable properties. Conclusion Only two items needed to be rewritten. Further studies are needed to investigate the instrument's adequacy to different age groups and additional evidence of validity and reliability.

Resumo Introdução O ritmo biológico está associado ao nível de alerta, desempenho cognitivo e humor dos indivíduos. Sua regularidade é essencial para preservar uma boa saúde e qualidade de vida. Objetivo Apresentar as etapas de construção da escala intitulada Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry - Kids (BRIAN-K), criada para medir disrupturas do ritmo biológico em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos Os itens foram desenvolvidos seguindo a versão adulta da escala. A análise das características psicométricas da escala se baseou nas respostas de 373 pais/cuidadores de crianças em idade escolar (7 e 8 anos). Resultados Um modelo teórico de 17 itens, com o objetivo de avaliar quatro domínios do ritmo biológico (sono, atividades, ritmo social e padrão alimentar) foi determinado usando análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e pela identificação de um fator geral. As propriedades psicométricas da BRIAN-K mostraram-se satisfatórias. Conclusão Apenas dois itens precisaram ser reescritos. São necessários mais estudos para investigar a adequação do instrumento a diferentes faixas etárias e evidências adicionais de validade e confiabilidade.

Research Progress in Cell-Culture Models of Blood-Brain Barrier / 中国药学杂志

Studies of blood-brain barrier (BBB) play an important role in the R&D of new drugs for neurological disorders. Cellculture models of blood-brain barrier are helpful to study the functions and biological properties of the major BBB components, including brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, observe and analyze different components' reactions during the drug treatment, optimize the dosing progress, and reduce toxicity. According to the properties of individual BBB components, we summarized several widely used in vitro models of BBB, including monolayer models, co-culture models and the newly developed microfluidic-based models. By comparing their advantages and disadvantages, we provided suggestions on the selection of BBB models according to different research purposes.

Validation of the Korean Version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry

OBJECTIVE: The Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) is a scale used to clinically evaluate disturbances in biological rhythm. In this study, we aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the BRIAN (K-BRIAN) in a Korean population. METHODS: A total of 181 participants, including 141 outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD; type I, 62; type II, 79) and 40 controls, were recruited. Construct validity was tested by comparing the mean K-BRIAN scores of the BD patients and control subjects. Concurrent validity was tested by evaluating the association between the K-BRIAN and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). RESULTS: The mean K-BRIAN scores of the control subjects and patients with BD differed significantly (p < 0.001). Particularly, the mean K-BRIAN score was considerably lower among control subjects (mean±standard deviation=35.00±8.88) than among patients with BD type I (41.19±12.10) and type II (50.18±13.73). The Cronbach’s alpha for the K-BRIAN was 0.914. The K-BRIAN was found to correlate with the MEQ (r=-0.45, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings affirm that the K-BRIAN has good construct validity and internal consistency. This suggests that the K-BRIAN can be used to assess biological rhythms in the Korean population, especially for patients with mood disorder.

Correlation between the level of circulating CD133+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of circulating CD133+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods Inpatients with first-ever ischemic stroke within 24 hfrom the onset and age-and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study.The demographic and clinical data of the patients were collected.The level of CD133+/KDR+ EPCs was detected by flow cytometry.All patients were followed up at 90 d.The modified Rankin Scale was used to evaluate the clinical outcome,0-2 was defined as good outcome and >2 was defined as poor outcome.Results A total of 126 consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke within 24 hfrom the onset and 60 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled.In patients with ischemic stroke,33 (26.19%) were large artery atherosclerosis (LAA),74 (58.73%) were small artery occlusion (SAO),19 (15.08%) were cardioembolism (CE);82 (65.08%) had good outcomes and 44 (34.92%) had poor outcomes.The number of circulating EPCs at baseline in patients of the LAA subtype (0.071%±0.018%),CE subtype (0.068%±0.16%) and SAO subtype (0.118%±0.12%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.246%±0.052%;all P<0.05),and the CE subtype (P=0.028) and LAA subtype (P=0.037) were significantly lower than the SAO subtype;the CE subtype was lower than the LAA subtype,but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.762).The proportions of patients with LAA subtype (40.91% vs.18.29%;χ2=7.577,P=0.006) and CE subtype (29.55% vs.7.32%;χ2=11.049,P=0.001) and atrial fibrillation (29.55% vs.10.98%;χ2=6.582,P=0.009),and age (69.64±9.62 years vs.61.12±7.31 years;t=5.570,P<0.001),and baseline NIHSS score (14.16±4.22 vs.6.96±2.04;t=12.919,P<0.001),baseline systolic blood pressure (176.06±13.42 mmHg vs.164.12±11.69 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;t=5.187,P<0.001),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.92±0.52 mmol/L vs.2.49±0.36 mmol/L;t=5.447,P<0.001),fasting blood glucose (8.76±2.88 mmol/L vs.6.82±2.24 mmol/L;t=4.185,P<0.001),C-reactive protein (7.62±1.82 mg/L vs.4.57±1.58 mg/L;t=9.790,P<0.001),and D-dimer (1.14±0.08 mg/L vs.0.97±0.22 mg/L;t=4.946,P<0.001) levels in the poor outcome group were significantly higher than those in the good outcome group,while the proportion of the SAO subtype patients (29.55% vs.74.39%;χ2=23.759,P<0.001),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.94±0.68 mmol/L vs.1.16±0.14 mmol/L;t=2.829,P=0.005),and baseline EPCs (0.069%±0.018% vs.0.098%±0.021%;t=7.755,P<0.001) were significantly lower than those in the good outcome group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio 1.242,95% confidence interval 1.126-1.372;P<0.001),CE subtype (odds ratio 3.460,95% confidence interval 1.312-5.146;P=0.016),and the lower baseline EPCs (odds ratio 1.632,95% confidence interval 1.006-3.024;P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for poor outcome in patients.Conclusion s The level of circulating EPCs was decreased significantly in patients with acute ischemic stroke,and the lower level of baseline EPCs was an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with ischemic stroke at 90 d.

Clinical managements of therapeutic hypothermia in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Therapeutic hypothermia is believed to improve neurodevelopment outcome of infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),however,the severe brain injury and neurologic sequelae still can be observed in some infants received therapeutic hypothermia.Optimal monitor and management of systematic complications presented by infants during cooling treatment are necessary for improvement of overall outcome.Therefore,it is essential to understand the functional change of each system of the whole body,to adapt adequate diagnostic methods and to train multidisciplinary staffs to monitor and manage moderate-to-severe HIE infants during therapeutic cooling.With the development of therapeutic hypothermia,it is currently considered as a standard of care for infants with moderate-to-severe HIE.It is recommended that any neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) using routinely therapeutic hypothermia to reference the national or international benchmarking protocols in order to improve the medical quality and prognosis of infants.

Progress in the study of the association between brain natriuretic peptide and metabolic system / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Recent studies have shown that brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) may be the link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic system. The role for BNP in metabolic pathways has already been the subject of intense interest. This article reviews the evidence of the linkage between BNP and metabolic system.

The feasibility of GFP positive Lewis lung cancer cell line 3LL intracarotid injected to establish brain metastasis animal model * / 重庆医学

Objective To study the feasibility and surgical techniques of C57BL/6 mice intracarotid injected Lewis lung cancer cell line 3LL to establish a kind lung cancer brain metastasis animal model .Methods Green fluorescent protein(GFP) positive 3LL cells were intracarotid injected into C57BL/6 mice to establish lung cancer brain metastases animal models ,then tumor growth and survival time were analyzed .Results The intracarotid injection animal model could establish brain metastases animal model success-fully .Conclusion The intracarotid injection is an effective method to establish cancer brain metastatic animal model .

Embolization treatment with detachable balloon for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the main technical points of detachable balloon in management of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas (TCCF) and evaluate objectively the clinical outcome.Methods A total of 59 patients with TCCF were treated with detachable balloons,which involved 64 embolization procedures.Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 2 years. Results Forty-eight patients with TCCF (81％) were successfully occluded with patency of internal carotid artery.The rest 11 patients were obstructed in both the fistula and the internal carotid artery.Recurrent TCCF was found within three days after embolization in five patients (with a recurrence rate of 8％ ) who underwent further embolization,of whom one patient went blind after the procedtre and the eyesight showed no recovery even after another embolization with balloon for successful occlusion of the fistula; one patient presented with intracerebral hematoma at day 3 postoperatively and underwent emergency embolization again to occlude the internal carotid artery and fistula,with slight paralysis of the left limb. Conclusions Embolization of TCCF with detachable balloon is a reliable treatment,which is characterized by slight injury and high safety.However,the disease' s development should be strictly observed after the treatment.In the case of recurrence of symptoms,brain angiography and CT scanning should be rechecked timely and emergency treatment should be performed.

Prognostic analysis of brain metastases from primary breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To explore the prognostic factors of brain metastases from primary breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).Methods Retrospectively analyze 37 brain metastatic patients from primary breast cancer.Among these patients nineteen were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy alone,eight patients were treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plus SRT,the other ten patients were intracranial recurrence after WBRT and treated with SRT for salvage.Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to calculate survival time.Logrank and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed for univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The median follow-up time were 11 months and 15 months for the whole group and the alive.The median overall survival time was 11 months (95％ CI =6-16.month) for the whole group.The median overall survival time was 13.5 months for the whole group.In univariate analysis,the triple negative breast cancer (x2 =5.95,P =0.004),lower Karnofsky performance score (KPS,x2 =13.85,P =0.000),the interval between the diagnosis of the primary tumor and brain metastases ≤ 30 months (x2 =6.62,P =0.010),high RPA grade (x2 =15.35,P =0.000) and intracranial recurrence after whole brain radiotherapy (x2 =4.43,P =0.035) were negative prognostic factors for brain metastasis of breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiotherapy.In multivariate analyses,the triple negative breast cancer (x2 =9.58,P =0.008),lower KPS (x2 =6.65,P =0.010),and intracranial recurrence after whole brain radiotherapy (x2 =3.95,P =0.047) were negative prognostic factor.Conclusion The triple negative breast cancer,lower KPS,and intracranial recurrence after WBRT were negative prognostic factor for brain metastasis from primary breast cancer treated with SRT.

Seizure and delayed emergence from anesthesia resulting from remote cerebellar hemorrhage after lumbar spine surgery: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

A patient with remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) who was presented at the authors' hospital with seizure and delayed emergence from anesthesia after loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through a dural tear during lumbar spine surgery is described. RCH is a rare and unpredictable complication after spinal surgery. Its most common clinical features are diminished consciousness, headache, and seizure. Its mechanism is still disputed, but is probably venous bleeding secondary to significant intra- or post-operative loss of CSF. Therefore, RCH must be considered in patients with unexplained mental deterioration or disturbance upon emergence and seizure from general anesthesia after spine surgery.

Perfil cognitivo de niños con meduloblastoma que culminaron su tratamiento oncológico: caracterización de los procesos mnésicos / Cognitive profile of children with medulloblastoma who completed their cancer treatment: Characterization of memory processes

Objetivos: Reportar las características de los procesos mnésicos dentro del perfil cognitivo de niños con meduloblastoma en edad escolar que hayan culminado su tratamiento médico. Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, observacional. Muestra secuencial transversal de 23 niños. Instrumentos: Selección de Pruebas de las Escalas WISC IV; TOMAL; CAS; Graffar. Resultados: Edad: mediana 125 meses (rango 70/180). Las puntuaciones más conservadas, se encuentran en la comprensión verbal. Los aspectos atencionales, la velocidad de procesamiento y el razonamiento perceptivo presentan déficits de rango entre moderado y severo. En las memorias verbal, visual y de trabajo, se registran déficits de rango entre leve y moderado. En las tareas de memoria con ensayos sucesivos, se describen curvas de aprendizaje fluctuantes en el 96% de la muestra en la memoria verbal y en el 78% en la memoria visual, independientemente del CI, de las variables orgánicas, del status atencional y socio-educativo. Conclusiones: Los déficits cognitivos ubican a esta población en una situación de riesgo de fracaso escolar; comprender su especificidad, resulta clave para el diseño de intervenciones. La valoración de los procesos mnésicos requiere de especial atención dentro de la descripción del perfil cognitivo de estos niños, ya que ocupan un lugar central en el proceso de aprendizaje.

Objectives: To report characteristics of memory processeswithin the cognitive profile of school-age children with medu-lloblastoma who have completed medical treatment. Subjectsand Methods: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional,observational study in a sequential cross-sectional sampleof 23 children. Measurement instruments: A battery of scaletests WISC IV; TOMAL; CAS; Graffar. Results: Age: median125 months (range 70/180). The scores that were best pre-served were found in the domain of verbal comprehension.In the areas of attention, processing speed, and percepti-ve reasoning the children presented with deficits in therange from moderate and severe. In verbal, visual, and wor-king memory, deficits between moderate and severe werealso found. In memory tasks with successive rehearsals,fluctuating learning curves were observed on verbal memoryin 96% of the sample and on visual memory in 78%, inde-pendently of the CI, clinical variables, and attention andsocioeconomic status. Conclusions: These children are atrisk of school failure due to cognitive deficits; understandingthe specific deficits is a key element for the design of ade-quate intervention strategies. The assessment of memoryprocesses, central for learning processes, requires specialattention within the description of the cognitive profile inthese children.

Effects of mild hypothermia on proNGF apoptosis pro-signal following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To observe the expressional changes of pro nerve growth factor(proNGF)apoptosis pro-signal factors after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and discuss the protective effect of mild hypothermia on the brain injury. Methods The randomly chosen female SD rats weighing(220±10)g were divided into normal control group(Group A),cerebral isehemia and reperfusion group (Group B)and mild hypothermia group(Group C).Groups B and C were divided into 3,6 and 9 hours subgroups(eight rats per group).TUNEL methods was used to detect the apoptotic cells in the cortex after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and treatment with mild hypothermia.The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expression changes of proNGF,Sortilin and P75gene in the cortex. Results (1)The apoptotic cells were increased with time in the Group B(P<0.05)and were more than those in the Group C in the same time point(P<0.05).(2)There found expression of all factors at all time points in three groups,which was increased with time(P<0.05).(3)The content of every factor at each time point in the Group C was less than that in the Group B(P<0.05). Conclusions (1)Mild hypothermia can decrease the apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion injury.(2)The cell apoptosis induced by proNGF plays a very important role in the COUrse of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury.(3)Mild hypothermia can decrease the expression of apoptosis pro-signal to alleviate the cell apoptosis and protect the brain from ischemia and reperfusion.

Risk factors of traumatic arterial and venous cerebral infarction in patients with moderate or severe craniocerebral trauma / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To provide theoretic support for preventing traumatic arterial and venous cerebral infarction after craniocerebral trauma by probing into the related risk factors.Methods The clinical data of 154 pateints with moderate or severe craniocerebral trauma treated by decompressive craniectomy were studied retrospectively.Univariate analysis was carried out on 13 related factors including gender,age,Glasgow Coma Score(GCS)on admission,pupil status,morphological changes of ambient cisterns,brain midline,associated injury,blood pressure,traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,platelet count,plasma D-dimer value,dosage of dehydrating agent and perioperative fluid balance.Then,the logistic multiple regression analysis was made on significant indexes with SPSS 10.0.Results Univariate analysis showed that seven factors including pupil status,GCS on admission,age,associated injury,perioperative blood pressure,morphological changes of ambient cisterns and brain midline were significantly correlated with traumatic arterial cerebral infarction(P ＜ 0.05)and that three factors including traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,plasma D-dimer value and associated injury were significantly correlated with traumatic venous cerebral infarction(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic multi-factors regression analysis showed that mydriasis and hypotension might be the independent risk factor of traumatic arterial cerebral infarction and that traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury might be the independent risk factors of traumatic venous cerebral infarction.Conclusion The pupil status,GCS on admission,age,associated injury,perioperative blood pressure,morphological changes of ambient cisterns and brain midline are the risk factors of traumatic arterial cerebral infarction,with mydriasis and hypotension as independent risk factors.Traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury,plasma D-dimer value and associated injury are the risk factors of raumatic venous cerebral infarction,with traumatic superficial cerebral veins injury as independent risk factor.

Post-effect of acupuncture on brain functional connectivity / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore post-effect of acupuncturing ST36 (Zusanli) on brain functional connectivity. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers participated in this experiment. The fMRI data taken before and 25 minutes after removed acupuncturing stimulation were analyzed, while posterior cingulated cortex were chosen as seed points. Results At 25 minutes after removed acupuncturing stimulation, new increased functional connectivity were found in the left paracentral lobule, right superior parietal lobule and right postcentral gyrus. After acupuncture, there was intensity functional connectivity greater than in primary brain regions. Conclusion Post-effect of acupuncture can increase functional connectivity in healthy volunteer's brain.

Multicentric prospective randomized controlled study of efficacy of mannitol,furosemide and albumin in reducing intracranial pressure in patients with severe brain injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To compare the effect of difierent combinatio of mannitol, furesemide and albumin in reducing intracranial pressure in 451 patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods A total of 451 patients with an admissiou Glasgow Coma Scale of or less from 5 medical centers were randomly divided into 5 groups, ie, Group A(250 ml 20% mannitol each time as control), Group B(125 ml 20% mannitol each time), Group C(alternate use of 250 ml 20% mannitol each time or 40 mg furosemide), Group D(alternate use of 125 ml 20% mannitol each time and 20 mg furosemide)and Group E(alternate use of 125 ml 20% mannitol and moderate or large dose of albumin). We monitored intracraniai pressure continuously and observed the changes of intracranial pressure, electrolytes, hemato-crit and renal function after use of 5 combinations of mannitol. Furosemide and albumin. Results Man-nitol and furosemide could independently reduce intracranial pressure after 1-3 hours (P<0. 05). Semis mannitol plus furosemide or albumin could more signifieantly reduce intracranial pressure, with statistical difference compared with full dose of mannitol. Semis mannitol and alternate use of mannitol and furose-mide in aspect of intracranial pressure reduction and persistence time(P<0. 05). Alternate use of man-nitol and furosemide begot higher incidence rate of electrolyte abnormality, compared with the other com-binations (P<0. 05). Rebound rate of intracranial pressure was higher in full dose of mannitol than other combinations (P<0. 05). Incidence of renal function abnormality was higher in combination involved al-bumin than alternative use of mannitol and furosemide as well as combination of semis mannitol and furo-semide (P<0. 05). Abnormality of electrolyte and renal function wag reversible. Conclusion The use of 125 ml 20% mannitol each time plus 20 mg furesemide is more reasonable than other combina-tions. Meanwhile, semis mannitol combined with moderate or large dose of albumin has certain advantages too.

Effects of nonylphenol on the activity of AchE and ChAT in brian of filial rat / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To investigate the effects on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and choline acetylase(ChAT) in filial rat’s brian and learning and memory capacity after the mother-rat is exposed to nonylphenol. Methods:At the first day of the pregnancy,the rats were divided into four groups,which were orally administered with NP at doses of 0,50,100 and 200 mg/kg,respectively,on gestational days 9～15. The offspring rats’s Brain tissues of each groups were dissected for AchE and ChAT activity assay and cognitive function was tested by Morris water maze. Result:Morris water maze test results showed the escape latency was longer in the groups of NP 200 mg/kg than in control group(P

Effect of atorvastain on plasma levels of nitric oxide and alpha-granule membrane protein in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastain on plasma levels of nitric oxide(NO) and alpha-granule membrance protein-140(GMP-140) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 94 cases with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the atorvastain group(48 cases) and the control group(46 cases).Plasma NO and GMP-140 were determined by the method of nitrate reductase and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in atorvastain group and control group at moment of hospitalization and after four weeks.Results Plasma NO and GMP-140 of atorvastain group after treatment were statistically lower than that of controls(P0.05).Conclusion Atorvastain can reduce plasma levels of NO and GMP-140 in patients with acute cerebral infarction.It can ameliorate brain injury after ischemia and has protective effect on the ischemia cerebral tissue.

A research on the brain damage of lysophosphatidyl choline in rats with pancreatitis / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective: To explore the brain damage effects of lysophasphatidyl choline(LPC) in rats with pancreatitis and explore the pathogenesis of pancreatic encephalopathy(PE).Methods: SD rats were divided into test group,control group one and control group two at random.Acute edematous pancreatits rat model was induced following Aho HJ method for test group and control group one,then test group rats were venously applied with LPC and control group one was injected saline through tail vein.Control group two was treated with venous injection LPC through the rat tails without operation.Horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was used as a tracer to detemine if the blood-brain barrier(BBB)was open 7～10 days after successive application of LPC.The extravasated tracer was showed by diaminobenzidine(DAB).Rat brain tissue sections were examined by ponceau stain and Luxol Fast Blue stain to determine whether the rat brains were demyelination at the same time.Results: The BBB permeability of the test groupLTU rats increased greatly and obvious demyelination was observed in test group rat brains while both control groups had basically intact BBB and scarce demyelination was observed in both control groups.A statistical difference existed between the test group and control groups.Conclusion:LPC definitely open the BBB of the rat pancreatitis and demyelinates the brain of pancreatitis rats thus LPC plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PE.